Severe hypercapnia and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Identifieur interne : 000384 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000383; suivant : 000385Severe hypercapnia and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Auteurs : Nicolas Nin [Espagne, Uruguay] ; Alfonso Muriel [Espagne] ; Oscar Pe Uelas [Espagne] ; Laurent Brochard [Canada] ; José Angel Lorente [Espagne] ; Niall D. Ferguson [Canada] ; Konstantinos Raymondos [Allemagne] ; Fernando Ríos [Argentine] ; Damian A. Violi [Argentine] ; Arnaud W. Thille [France] ; Marco González [Colombie] ; Asisclo J. Villagomez [Mexique] ; Javier Hurtado [Uruguay] ; Andrew R. Davies [Australie] ; Bin Du [République populaire de Chine] ; Salvatore M. Maggiore [Italie] ; Luis Soto [Chili] ; Gabriel D Mpaire [Venezuela] ; Dimitrios Matamis [Grèce] ; Fekri Abroug [Tunisie] ; Rui P. Moreno [Portugal] ; Marco Antonio Soares [Brésil] ; Yaseen Arabi [Arabie saoudite] ; Freddy Sandi ; Manuel Jibaja [Équateur] ; Pravin Amin [Inde] ; Younsuck Koh [Corée du Sud] ; Michael A. Kuiper [Pays-Bas] ; Hans-Henrik Bülow [Danemark] ; Amine Ali Zeggwagh [Maroc] ; Antonio Anzueto [États-Unis] ; Jacob I. Sznajder [États-Unis] ; Andres Esteban [Espagne]Source :
- Intensive care medicine [ 0342-4642 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Facteurs temps, Femelle, Humains, Hypercapnie (), Hypercapnie (mortalité), Hypercapnie (étiologie), Indice de gravité médicale, Indice de gravité simplifié, Modèles logistiques, Mâle, Score de propension, Sujet âgé, Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte (), Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte (mortalité), Unités de soins intensifs, Ventilation artificielle (effets indésirables), Études prospectives.
- MESH :
- effets indésirables : Ventilation artificielle.
- mortalité : Hypercapnie, Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte.
- étiologie : Hypercapnie.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Facteurs temps, Femelle, Humains, Hypercapnie, Indice de gravité médicale, Indice de gravité simplifié, Modèles logistiques, Mâle, Score de propension, Sujet âgé, Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte, Unités de soins intensifs, Études prospectives.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Hypercapnia (etiology), Hypercapnia (mortality), Hypercapnia (therapy), Intensive Care Units, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Propensity Score, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial (adverse effects), Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (complications), Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (mortality), Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (therapy), Severity of Illness Index, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Time Factors.
- MESH :
- adverse effects : Respiration, Artificial.
- complications : Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult.
- etiology : Hypercapnia.
- mortality : Hypercapnia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult.
- therapy : Hypercapnia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult.
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Propensity Score, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Time Factors.
Abstract
To analyze the relationship between hypercapnia developing within the first 48 h after the start of mechanical ventilation and outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
We performed a secondary analysis of three prospective non-interventional cohort studies focusing on ARDS patients from 927 intensive care units (ICUs) in 40 countries. These patients received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 h during 1-month periods in 1998, 2004, and 2010. We used multivariable logistic regression and a propensity score analysis to examine the association between hypercapnia and ICU mortality.
We included 1899 patients with ARDS in this study. The relationship between maximum PaCO2 in the first 48 h and mortality suggests higher mortality at or above PaCO2 of ≥50 mmHg. Patients with severe hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥50 mmHg) had higher complication rates, more organ failures, and worse outcomes. After adjusting for age, SAPS II score, respiratory rate, positive end-expiratory pressure, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, driving pressure, pressure/volume limitation strategy (PLS), corrected minute ventilation, and presence of acidosis, severe hypercapnia was associated with increased risk of ICU mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 2.81;
Severe hypercapnia appears to be independently associated with higher ICU mortality in patients with ARDS.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4611-1
PubMed: 28108768
PubMed Central: 5630225
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Argentine, Australie, Brésil, Canada, Chili, Colombie, Corée du Sud, Danemark, Espagne, France, Grèce, Inde, Italie, Maroc, Mexique, Pays-Bas, Portugal, République populaire de Chine, Tunisie, Uruguay, Venezuela, Équateur, États-Unis
- Communauté de Madrid, Illinois, Latium, Minas Gerais, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Ontario, Poitou-Charentes, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Région capitale de Séoul, Texas, Victoria (État)
- Belo Horizonte, Madrid, Melbourne, Poitiers, Pékin, Rabat, Rome, Séoul, Toronto
- Université de Toronto
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Le document en format XML
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Thille</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A10">University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region">Poitou-Charentes</region><settlement type="city">Poitiers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Marco" sort="Gonzalez, Marco" uniqKey="Gonzalez M" first="Marco" last="González">Marco González</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Clínica Medellín and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clínica Medellín and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Medellín</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villagomez, Asisclo J" sort="Villagomez, Asisclo J" uniqKey="Villagomez A" first="Asisclo J." last="Villagomez">Asisclo J. Villagomez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hurtado, Javier" sort="Hurtado, Javier" uniqKey="Hurtado J" first="Javier" last="Hurtado">Javier Hurtado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Hospital Español, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Español, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montevideo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Andrew R" sort="Davies, Andrew R" uniqKey="Davies A" first="Andrew R." last="Davies">Andrew R. Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A14">Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Bin" sort="Du, Bin" uniqKey="Du B" first="Bin" last="Du">Bin Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A15">Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maggiore, Salvatore M" sort="Maggiore, Salvatore M" uniqKey="Maggiore S" first="Salvatore M." last="Maggiore">Salvatore M. Maggiore</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soto, Luis" sort="Soto, Luis" uniqKey="Soto L" first="Luis" last="Soto">Luis Soto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Instituto Nacional del Tórax de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Nacional del Tórax de Santiago, Santiago</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Mpaire, Gabriel" sort="D Mpaire, Gabriel" uniqKey="D Mpaire G" first="Gabriel" last="D Mpaire">Gabriel D Mpaire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Hospital de Clínicas de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital de Clínicas de Caracas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matamis, Dimitrios" sort="Matamis, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Matamis D" first="Dimitrios" last="Matamis">Dimitrios Matamis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thessaloniki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abroug, Fekri" sort="Abroug, Fekri" uniqKey="Abroug F" first="Fekri" last="Abroug">Fekri Abroug</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Hospital Fattouma Bourguina, Monastir, Tunisia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Fattouma Bourguina, Monastir</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monastir</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, Rui P" sort="Moreno, Rui P" uniqKey="Moreno R" first="Rui P." last="Moreno">Rui P. Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">UCINC, Hospital de Sao José, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>UCINC, Hospital de Sao José, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, E.P.E., Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soares, Marco Antonio" sort="Soares, Marco Antonio" uniqKey="Soares M" first="Marco Antonio" last="Soares">Marco Antonio Soares</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A22">Hospital Universitario Sao José, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Universitario Sao José, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen" sort="Arabi, Yaseen" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen" last="Arabi">Yaseen Arabi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandi, Freddy" sort="Sandi, Freddy" uniqKey="Sandi F" first="Freddy" last="Sandi">Freddy Sandi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Hospital Obrero No. 1, La Paz, Bolivia.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bolivia.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jibaja, Manuel" sort="Jibaja, Manuel" uniqKey="Jibaja M" first="Manuel" last="Jibaja">Manuel Jibaja</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Pravin" sort="Amin, Pravin" uniqKey="Amin P" first="Pravin" last="Amin">Pravin Amin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koh, Younsuck" sort="Koh, Younsuck" uniqKey="Koh Y" first="Younsuck" last="Koh">Younsuck Koh</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A27">Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuiper, Michael A" sort="Kuiper, Michael A" uniqKey="Kuiper M" first="Michael A." last="Kuiper">Michael A. Kuiper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL), Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL), Leeuwarden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leeuwarden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bulow, Hans Henrik" sort="Bulow, Hans Henrik" uniqKey="Bulow H" first="Hans-Henrik" last="Bülow">Hans-Henrik Bülow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Holbaek Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Region Zealand, Denmark.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Holbaek Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Region Zealand</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Region Zealand</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeggwagh, Amine Ali" sort="Zeggwagh, Amine Ali" uniqKey="Zeggwagh A" first="Amine Ali" last="Zeggwagh">Amine Ali Zeggwagh</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A30">Hospital Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Ibn Sina, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anzueto, Antonio" sort="Anzueto, Antonio" uniqKey="Anzueto A" first="Antonio" last="Anzueto">Antonio Anzueto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A31">South Texas Veterans Health Care System and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>South Texas Veterans Health Care System and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sznajder, Jacob I" sort="Sznajder, Jacob I" uniqKey="Sznajder J" first="Jacob I." last="Sznajder">Jacob I. Sznajder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteban, Andres" sort="Esteban, Andres" uniqKey="Esteban A" first="Andres" last="Esteban">Andres Esteban</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28108768</idno><idno type="pmc">5630225</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5630225</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5630225</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s00134-016-4611-1</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001F75</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001F75</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001E29</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" 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type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000384</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Severe hypercapnia and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome</title><author><name sortKey="Nin, Nicolas" sort="Nin, Nicolas" uniqKey="Nin N" first="Nicolas" last="Nin">Nicolas Nin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Hospital de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital de Torrejón, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Hospital Español, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Español, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montevideo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muriel, Alfonso" sort="Muriel, Alfonso" uniqKey="Muriel A" first="Alfonso" last="Muriel">Alfonso Muriel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Hospital Ramón Y Cajal, IRICYS and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Hospital Ramón Y Cajal, IRICYS and CIBERESP, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pe Uelas, Oscar" sort="Pe Uelas, Oscar" uniqKey="Pe Uelas O" first="Oscar" last="Pe Uelas">Oscar Pe Uelas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brochard, Laurent" sort="Brochard, Laurent" uniqKey="Brochard L" first="Laurent" last="Brochard">Laurent Brochard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A5">Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorente, Jose Angel" sort="Lorente, Jose Angel" uniqKey="Lorente J" first="José Angel" last="Lorente">José Angel Lorente</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Niall D" sort="Ferguson, Niall D" uniqKey="Ferguson N" first="Niall D." last="Ferguson">Niall D. Ferguson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raymondos, Konstantinos" sort="Raymondos, Konstantinos" uniqKey="Raymondos K" first="Konstantinos" last="Raymondos">Konstantinos Raymondos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hanover</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Hanover</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Hanover</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rios, Fernando" sort="Rios, Fernando" uniqKey="Rios F" first="Fernando" last="Ríos">Fernando Ríos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Violi, Damian A" sort="Violi, Damian A" uniqKey="Violi D" first="Damian A." last="Violi">Damian A. Violi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Hospital HIGA Guemes, Haedo, Argentina.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital HIGA Guemes, Haedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thille, Arnaud W" sort="Thille, Arnaud W" uniqKey="Thille A" first="Arnaud W." last="Thille">Arnaud W. Thille</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A10">University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region">Poitou-Charentes</region><settlement type="city">Poitiers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Marco" sort="Gonzalez, Marco" uniqKey="Gonzalez M" first="Marco" last="González">Marco González</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Clínica Medellín and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clínica Medellín and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Medellín</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villagomez, Asisclo J" sort="Villagomez, Asisclo J" uniqKey="Villagomez A" first="Asisclo J." last="Villagomez">Asisclo J. Villagomez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hurtado, Javier" sort="Hurtado, Javier" uniqKey="Hurtado J" first="Javier" last="Hurtado">Javier Hurtado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Hospital Español, Montevideo, Uruguay.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Uruguay</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Español, Montevideo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Montevideo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Andrew R" sort="Davies, Andrew R" uniqKey="Davies A" first="Andrew R." last="Davies">Andrew R. Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A14">Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Bin" sort="Du, Bin" uniqKey="Du B" first="Bin" last="Du">Bin Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A15">Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maggiore, Salvatore M" sort="Maggiore, Salvatore M" uniqKey="Maggiore S" first="Salvatore M." last="Maggiore">Salvatore M. Maggiore</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A16">Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soto, Luis" sort="Soto, Luis" uniqKey="Soto L" first="Luis" last="Soto">Luis Soto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Instituto Nacional del Tórax de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Nacional del Tórax de Santiago, Santiago</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Mpaire, Gabriel" sort="D Mpaire, Gabriel" uniqKey="D Mpaire G" first="Gabriel" last="D Mpaire">Gabriel D Mpaire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Hospital de Clínicas de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital de Clínicas de Caracas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matamis, Dimitrios" sort="Matamis, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Matamis D" first="Dimitrios" last="Matamis">Dimitrios Matamis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thessaloniki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abroug, Fekri" sort="Abroug, Fekri" uniqKey="Abroug F" first="Fekri" last="Abroug">Fekri Abroug</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Hospital Fattouma Bourguina, Monastir, Tunisia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Fattouma Bourguina, Monastir</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monastir</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno, Rui P" sort="Moreno, Rui P" uniqKey="Moreno R" first="Rui P." last="Moreno">Rui P. Moreno</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">UCINC, Hospital de Sao José, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>UCINC, Hospital de Sao José, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, E.P.E., Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soares, Marco Antonio" sort="Soares, Marco Antonio" uniqKey="Soares M" first="Marco Antonio" last="Soares">Marco Antonio Soares</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A22">Hospital Universitario Sao José, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Universitario Sao José, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen" sort="Arabi, Yaseen" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen" last="Arabi">Yaseen Arabi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandi, Freddy" sort="Sandi, Freddy" uniqKey="Sandi F" first="Freddy" last="Sandi">Freddy Sandi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Hospital Obrero No. 1, La Paz, Bolivia.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Bolivia.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jibaja, Manuel" sort="Jibaja, Manuel" uniqKey="Jibaja M" first="Manuel" last="Jibaja">Manuel Jibaja</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, Pravin" sort="Amin, Pravin" uniqKey="Amin P" first="Pravin" last="Amin">Pravin Amin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koh, Younsuck" sort="Koh, Younsuck" uniqKey="Koh Y" first="Younsuck" last="Koh">Younsuck Koh</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A27">Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuiper, Michael A" sort="Kuiper, Michael A" uniqKey="Kuiper M" first="Michael A." last="Kuiper">Michael A. Kuiper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL), Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL), Leeuwarden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leeuwarden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bulow, Hans Henrik" sort="Bulow, Hans Henrik" uniqKey="Bulow H" first="Hans-Henrik" last="Bülow">Hans-Henrik Bülow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Holbaek Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Region Zealand, Denmark.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Holbaek Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Region Zealand</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Region Zealand</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeggwagh, Amine Ali" sort="Zeggwagh, Amine Ali" uniqKey="Zeggwagh A" first="Amine Ali" last="Zeggwagh">Amine Ali Zeggwagh</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A30">Hospital Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Ibn Sina, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anzueto, Antonio" sort="Anzueto, Antonio" uniqKey="Anzueto A" first="Antonio" last="Anzueto">Antonio Anzueto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A31">South Texas Veterans Health Care System and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>South Texas Veterans Health Care System and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sznajder, Jacob I" sort="Sznajder, Jacob I" uniqKey="Sznajder J" first="Jacob I." last="Sznajder">Jacob I. Sznajder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteban, Andres" sort="Esteban, Andres" uniqKey="Esteban A" first="Andres" last="Esteban">Andres Esteban</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid, Spain.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12,500, 28905 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Intensive care medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">0342-4642</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-1238</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hypercapnia (etiology)</term><term>Hypercapnia (mortality)</term><term>Hypercapnia (therapy)</term><term>Intensive Care Units</term><term>Logistic Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Propensity Score</term><term>Prospective Studies</term><term>Respiration, Artificial (adverse effects)</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (complications)</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (mortality)</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (therapy)</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term><term>Simplified Acute Physiology Score</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hypercapnie ()</term><term>Hypercapnie (mortalité)</term><term>Hypercapnie (étiologie)</term><term>Indice de gravité médicale</term><term>Indice de gravité simplifié</term><term>Modèles logistiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Score de propension</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte ()</term><term>Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte (mortalité)</term><term>Unités de soins intensifs</term><term>Ventilation artificielle (effets indésirables)</term><term>Études prospectives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Respiration, Artificial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ventilation artificielle</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Hypercapnia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Hypercapnia</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hypercapnie</term><term>Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Hypercapnia</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hypercapnie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Intensive Care Units</term><term>Logistic Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Propensity Score</term><term>Prospective Studies</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term><term>Simplified Acute Physiology Score</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hypercapnie</term><term>Indice de gravité médicale</term><term>Indice de gravité simplifié</term><term>Modèles logistiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Score de propension</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Syndrome de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte</term><term>Unités de soins intensifs</term><term>Études prospectives</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Purpose</title><p id="P1">To analyze the relationship between hypercapnia developing within the first 48 h after the start of mechanical ventilation and outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Patients and methods</title><p id="P2">We performed a secondary analysis of three prospective non-interventional cohort studies focusing on ARDS patients from 927 intensive care units (ICUs) in 40 countries. These patients received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 h during 1-month periods in 1998, 2004, and 2010. We used multivariable logistic regression and a propensity score analysis to examine the association between hypercapnia and ICU mortality.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Main outcomes</title><p id="P3">We included 1899 patients with ARDS in this study. The relationship between maximum PaCO<sub>2</sub> in the first 48 h and mortality suggests higher mortality at or above PaCO<sub>2</sub> of ≥50 mmHg. Patients with severe hypercapnia (PaCO<sub>2</sub> ≥50 mmHg) had higher complication rates, more organ failures, and worse outcomes. After adjusting for age, SAPS II score, respiratory rate, positive end-expiratory pressure, PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratio, driving pressure, pressure/volume limitation strategy (PLS), corrected minute ventilation, and presence of acidosis, severe hypercapnia was associated with increased risk of ICU mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 2.81; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001]. In patients with severe hypercapnia matched for all other variables, ventilation with PLS was associated with higher ICU mortality (OR 1.58, CI 95% 1.04–2.41; <italic>p</italic> = 0.032).</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">Severe hypercapnia appears to be independently associated with higher ICU mortality in patients with ARDS.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Canada</li><li>Chili</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Inde</li><li>Italie</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Tunisie</li><li>Uruguay</li><li>Venezuela</li><li>Équateur</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Illinois</li><li>Latium</li><li>Minas Gerais</li><li>Nouvelle-Aquitaine</li><li>Ontario</li><li>Poitou-Charentes</li><li>Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</li><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li><li>Texas</li><li>Victoria (État)</li></region><settlement><li>Belo Horizonte</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Poitiers</li><li>Pékin</li><li>Rabat</li><li>Rome</li><li>Séoul</li><li>Toronto</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Toronto</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Sandi, Freddy" sort="Sandi, Freddy" uniqKey="Sandi F" first="Freddy" last="Sandi">Freddy Sandi</name></noCountry><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Nin, Nicolas" sort="Nin, Nicolas" uniqKey="Nin N" first="Nicolas" last="Nin">Nicolas Nin</name></region><name sortKey="Esteban, Andres" sort="Esteban, Andres" uniqKey="Esteban A" first="Andres" last="Esteban">Andres Esteban</name><name sortKey="Esteban, Andres" sort="Esteban, Andres" uniqKey="Esteban A" first="Andres" last="Esteban">Andres Esteban</name><name sortKey="Lorente, Jose Angel" sort="Lorente, Jose Angel" uniqKey="Lorente J" first="José Angel" last="Lorente">José Angel Lorente</name><name sortKey="Lorente, Jose Angel" sort="Lorente, Jose Angel" uniqKey="Lorente J" first="José Angel" last="Lorente">José Angel Lorente</name><name sortKey="Muriel, Alfonso" sort="Muriel, Alfonso" uniqKey="Muriel A" first="Alfonso" last="Muriel">Alfonso Muriel</name><name sortKey="Pe Uelas, Oscar" sort="Pe Uelas, Oscar" uniqKey="Pe Uelas O" first="Oscar" last="Pe Uelas">Oscar Pe Uelas</name><name sortKey="Pe Uelas, Oscar" sort="Pe Uelas, Oscar" uniqKey="Pe Uelas O" first="Oscar" last="Pe Uelas">Oscar Pe Uelas</name></country><country name="Uruguay"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nin, Nicolas" sort="Nin, Nicolas" uniqKey="Nin N" first="Nicolas" last="Nin">Nicolas Nin</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hurtado, Javier" sort="Hurtado, Javier" uniqKey="Hurtado J" first="Javier" last="Hurtado">Javier Hurtado</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brochard, Laurent" sort="Brochard, Laurent" uniqKey="Brochard L" first="Laurent" last="Brochard">Laurent Brochard</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brochard, Laurent" sort="Brochard, Laurent" uniqKey="Brochard L" first="Laurent" last="Brochard">Laurent Brochard</name><name sortKey="Ferguson, Niall D" sort="Ferguson, Niall D" uniqKey="Ferguson N" first="Niall D." last="Ferguson">Niall D. Ferguson</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Raymondos, Konstantinos" sort="Raymondos, Konstantinos" uniqKey="Raymondos K" first="Konstantinos" last="Raymondos">Konstantinos Raymondos</name></noRegion></country><country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rios, Fernando" sort="Rios, Fernando" uniqKey="Rios F" first="Fernando" last="Ríos">Fernando Ríos</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Violi, Damian A" sort="Violi, Damian A" uniqKey="Violi D" first="Damian A." last="Violi">Damian A. Violi</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Nouvelle-Aquitaine"><name sortKey="Thille, Arnaud W" sort="Thille, Arnaud W" uniqKey="Thille A" first="Arnaud W." last="Thille">Arnaud W. Thille</name></region></country><country name="Colombie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Marco" sort="Gonzalez, Marco" uniqKey="Gonzalez M" first="Marco" last="González">Marco González</name></noRegion></country><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Villagomez, Asisclo J" sort="Villagomez, Asisclo J" uniqKey="Villagomez A" first="Asisclo J." last="Villagomez">Asisclo J. Villagomez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Davies, Andrew R" sort="Davies, Andrew R" uniqKey="Davies A" first="Andrew R." last="Davies">Andrew R. Davies</name></region></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Du, Bin" sort="Du, Bin" uniqKey="Du B" first="Bin" last="Du">Bin Du</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Maggiore, Salvatore M" sort="Maggiore, Salvatore M" uniqKey="Maggiore S" first="Salvatore M." last="Maggiore">Salvatore M. 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Moreno</name></noRegion></country><country name="Brésil"><region name="Minas Gerais"><name sortKey="Soares, Marco Antonio" sort="Soares, Marco Antonio" uniqKey="Soares M" first="Marco Antonio" last="Soares">Marco Antonio Soares</name></region></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen" sort="Arabi, Yaseen" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen" last="Arabi">Yaseen Arabi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Équateur"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jibaja, Manuel" sort="Jibaja, Manuel" uniqKey="Jibaja M" first="Manuel" last="Jibaja">Manuel Jibaja</name></noRegion></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Amin, Pravin" sort="Amin, Pravin" uniqKey="Amin P" first="Pravin" last="Amin">Pravin Amin</name></noRegion></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Koh, Younsuck" sort="Koh, Younsuck" uniqKey="Koh Y" first="Younsuck" last="Koh">Younsuck Koh</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kuiper, Michael A" sort="Kuiper, Michael A" uniqKey="Kuiper M" first="Michael A." last="Kuiper">Michael A. Kuiper</name></noRegion></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bulow, Hans Henrik" sort="Bulow, Hans Henrik" uniqKey="Bulow H" first="Hans-Henrik" last="Bülow">Hans-Henrik Bülow</name></noRegion></country><country name="Maroc"><region name="Rabat-Salé-Kénitra"><name sortKey="Zeggwagh, Amine Ali" sort="Zeggwagh, Amine Ali" uniqKey="Zeggwagh A" first="Amine Ali" last="Zeggwagh">Amine Ali Zeggwagh</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Texas"><name sortKey="Anzueto, Antonio" sort="Anzueto, Antonio" uniqKey="Anzueto A" first="Antonio" last="Anzueto">Antonio Anzueto</name></region><name sortKey="Sznajder, Jacob I" sort="Sznajder, Jacob I" uniqKey="Sznajder J" first="Jacob I." last="Sznajder">Jacob I. Sznajder</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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